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Asian Wooly Hackberry Aphid Shivaphis celti (Essig & Kuwana) --
Hemiptera: Aphididae |
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This aphid was first detected in
North America on native hackberry trees (Celtis
occidentalis) in Georgia in 1996 and has been then found
throughout the southeastern states.
Although the aphid is originally from Asia, since its introduction to
North America it has spread throughout the southeastern United States and
wesward. In California the aphid now
may be all over the state wherever
hackberries are planted. By the year 2002 the aphid had arrived in the San
Joaquin Valley of California on the commonly planted Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.). It is not known if this was a new
introduction from China where the aphid originates. Complaints from business and the public caused several
municipalities regarded the hackberry
as a threat. But the tree is a
well-adapted shade tree in the Central Valley of California and composes
about 10% of some urban plantings in the area. Some municipalities have been
treating all hackberry trees in parks and parkways with systemic
insecticides. The
aphid appears to be restricted to hackberry trees (Celtis spp.). It
is a pest because it produces copious amounts of honeydew, which creates a
sticky mess and promotes the growth of blackish sooty mold on surfaces
beneath infested trees. This honeydew
makes it an intolerable pest in residential and business districts where the
tree is widely used to shade parking lots and walkways. Honeydew production has been documented at
double previously developed tolerance thresholds. In the San Joaquin Valley, populations have usually been
highest in the spring and fall months with lower numbers occurring through
the summer. No long-term or serious
damage to hackberry trees has been found after several years of infestations
by this aphid. REFERENCES:
FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES Bhagat, R. C. 1982. On two new aphid parasitoids of genus Trioxys (Aphidiidae: Hymenoptera) from
Kashmir, India. Entomon. 7: 321-324. Blackman, R. L.
& V. F. Eastop. 1994.
Aphids on the world's trees.
CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 466 p. Chadrabarti. S.
1988. Revision of the
Drepanosiphinae (Homoptera: Aphididae) from the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects 22: 1-86. Economic Insect Fauna of China. 1982.
New genera and new species of Chinese Callaphididae and Chaitophoridae
(Homoptera). Acta Zootaxonomica
Sinica 7: 67-77. Economic Insect Fauna of China. 1983.
Homoptera: Aphidinea. Science
Press, Beijing. Volume 25, Part I. 387 p. Higuchi, H.
1972. A taxonomic study of the
subfamily Callipterinae in Japan. Insecta Matsumurana
35: 19-126. Quednau, F. W. 1979. A list of the Drepanosiphine aphids from
the Democratic People's Republic of Korea with taxonomic notes and
descriptions of new species (Homoptera).
Annales Zoologici Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Zoologii 34: 501-528. Quednau, F. W. &
G. Remaudière. 1985. Une nouvelle espèce du genre Shivaphis Das de Turquie (Homoptera:
Aphididae). Canadian Entomologist
117: 227-232. Raychaudhuri, D. N.; A. K. Ghosh, R. C. Basu, M. R. Ghosh, M. Chattierjee, S.
Chakrabarti & P. K. Pal. 1980. Aphids
of north-east India and Bhutan. The
Zoological Society, Calcutta. 521 p. Raychaudhuri, D; D. N. Raychaudhuri &
T. K. Singh. 1981. Redescription of Shivaphis celti (oviparae) and Myzus varians (Homoptera: Aphididae)
hitherto unknown from India. Science
and Culture 47: 171- 172. Remaudière, G. & M. Remaudière. 1997. Catalogue des Aphididae du monde. Institut National de la Recherche
Agronomique, Paris. 473 p. Shujauddin.
1982. Description of a new
species of the genus Trioxys
Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and new record of Trioxys (Trioxys) pallidus
(Hal.) from Kashmir (India). Journal
of Entomological Research 6: 146-149.
Zhang, G-X. & T-S. Zhong. 1990. New species and a new record of
Callaphididae and Aphididae from northeast China (Homoptera: Aphididae). Acta Entomologica Sinica
33: 84-88. Attia,
A. A.; A. H. El-Heneidy & E. A. EL-Kady. 1898.
Studies on the aphid, Aphis
craccivora Koch. (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Egypt. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte, 66: 319 - 324. Chiappini, E., S. V. Triapitzin & A. Donev. 1996.
Key to the Holarctic species of Anagrus
Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and
Palaearctic (other than European) species and descriptions of new taxa. Journal of Natural History 30: 551-595. El-Heneidy, A. H. 1991. Seasonal abundance of aphids and their
natural enemies in wheat fields in Upper Egypt. Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Cont.,
1(1): 5 - 10. El-Heneidy, A. H. & A. A. Attia. 1988. Evaluation to the
role of parasitoids and predators associated with aphids in wheat fields,
Egypt. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte, Econ. Ser.17: 137-147. El-Heneidy,
A. H.; B. Klausnitzer & K. Richter.
1987. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der
Parasitoide (Hymenoptera) von Aphis fabae
crisiiacanthoidas Scop. im
Gebiet von leipzig. Entomologische Nachrichten
und Berichte 31: 67-70. El-Heneidy,
A. H.; K. Richter & B. Klausnitzer.
1989. Experimentele Untersuchungen zum Wirt-Parasitoid-Complex
von Aphis fabae crisiiacanthoidas Scop., (Homoptera:
Aphididae) und Lysiphlibus fabarum
Marsh. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae).
Zeitschrift fur angewandete Entomologie 1989. Triapitzin,
S. V. 1995a. The identities of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoid
of the grape and blackberry leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in
California. Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71
(4): 250-251. Triapitzin, S. V. 1995b. A review of the Australian species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Russian Entomological Journal 4
(1-4): 105-108. Triapitzin,
S. V. 1997. The genus Anagrus
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in America south of the United States: a
review. Ceiba (Zamorano,
Honduras) 38 (1): 1-12. Triapitzin,
S. V. 1998. Anagrus
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura
spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American
vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review.
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 124 (2): 77-112. Triapitzin, S. V., R. F. Mizell III,
J. L. Bossart & C. E. Carlton.
1998. Egg
parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata
(Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Florida Entomologist 81
(2): 241-243. Triapitzin, S. V. & D. Strong.
1995. A new Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg
parasitoid of Prokelisia spp. (Homoptera:
Delphacidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4): 199-203. Walker,
G. P., N. Zareh, I. M. Bayoun & S. V. Triapitzin. 1997. Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids
into California for biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73 (4): 236-242. |